Racism and Health


Racism is a public health threat that has traumatic effects on the physical, emotional, and mental health of individuals, families, and communities. An equitable future is one where people of all races can not only live but live well.

Explainer Video

Narrator:

Everyone has a racial identity. It touches every part of our lives. It shapes our history, reality, and our wellbeing.

Wellness includes our physical, mental, and emotional health, such as how we feel cared for, when we feel safe, and if we feel affirmed.

Wellness is more than survival, and race impacts wellness in many ways.

Its disparities are rooted in the false belief that people of color are inferior to White people.

For example, throughout US history, medical professionals have forced Black, Latina, Asian, and Indigenous women to undergo sterilization.

These procedures target poor, immigrant, incarcerated, and disabled women of all races.

In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic and protest against racial injustice reinforced the undeniable connections between race, racism, and wellness.

Data show that Indigenous, Black, and Pacific Islanders experience the highest death rates from COVID-19, while Asian communities have endured a sharp rise in violent hate crimes.

Racism causes trauma.

Asian and Black people especially have suffered a measured increase in depression and anxiety as a result of traumatic images and experiences of racial violence during this deadly pandemic.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention joined other government and health organizations in declaring racism a public health crisis in 2021.

Communities continue to challenge the systems that harm them.

To create inclusive spaces for healing and justice, all people deserve to live well, no matter their race.

Join the Smithsonian's Our Shared Future: Reckoning with Our Racial Past to better understand what was and create what can be.

Featured Videos

Watch select sessions from the Our Shared Future: Reckoning with Our Racial Past forum that address issues of health and wellness.

The Big Picture: Mental Health and Trauma

Aklilah Hughes shares how racism, experiences in-person and through viral images of death and harm, cause trauma that is often continual and silenced.

Panel Discussion: Mental Health and Trauma

A powerful conversation about breaking patterns of generational trauma and using collective healing and deliberate actions to positively shape our future.

The Pursuit of Wellness

Everyday people share the experiences that have shaped their well-being and understandings of mental health.

Bibliography

Alexandra Minna Stern.  Forced Sterilization Policies in the US Targeted Minorities and those with Disabilities – and lasted into the 21st Century. The Conversation, 26 Aug 2020. 

Forced sterilization policies in the US targeted minorities and those with disabilities – and lasted into the 21st century  

Amanda Morris. ‘You Just Feel Like Nothing’: California to Pay Sterilization Victims. New York Times, 11 July 2021. 

‘You Just Feel Like Nothing’: California to Pay Sterilization Victims 

Derek Hawkins. California once forcibly sterilized people by the thousands. Now the victims may get reparations. Washington Post, 9 July 2021. 

California once forcibly sterilized people by the thousands. Now the victims may get reparations. 

Elisabeth Gawthrop. The Color of Coronavirus: Covid-19 Deaths by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S. APM Research Lab, 2023 May 17.  

The Color of Coronavirus: Covid-19 Deaths by Race and Ethnicity in the U.S.  

Maya Manian. Immigration Detention and Coerced Sterilization: History Tragically Repeats Itself.  American Civil Liberties Union, 29 Sept 2020. 

Immigration Detention and Coerced Sterilization: History Tragically Repeats Itself 

Nancy Hicks.  Sterilization of Black Mother of 3 Stirs Aiken, S.C. New York Times, 1 Aug 1973. 

Sterilization of Black Mother of 3 Stirs Aiken, S.C.  

Media Statement from CDC Director Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH on Racism and Public Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 April 2021. 

Media Statement from CDC Director Rochelle P. Walensky, MD, MPH on Racism and Public Health